DSLR leh manual settings awmna camera-ah hi chuan Exposure Mode hi a awm vek a. Point and shoot camera (digital camera tê, lens thlawn theih loh) angah te hi chuan kan lâk tur hi automatic-in a ên lam leh thim lam a rawn insiam rem zung zung a, êng nalh tawk chiahin a chhuak thin a, nimahsela, thim deuhvin emaw êng deuhvin emaw thlâ la duh dawn ila a buaithlak em em a ni. Exposure Mode hmang hi chuan kan duh anga êng leh thimin kan lâk tur kan set danglam thei.
Photography-ah chuan camera sensor emaw camera roll film emawa êng lut hi exposure chu a ni. Exposure chu thil pathum hmangin a adjust theih a: image sensor-a êng luh tam lam (lens aperture hmanga set); sensor-a êng luh rei zâwng (shutter speed hmanga set); leh camera sensor leh camera khawl chakna hmanga thlalak ên dân tihdanglam (ISO hmanga set) te an ni. Thlalak a overexposed kan tih chuan thlalak a êng lutuk tihna a ni a, thlalaka a êng zual lai bik te chu a ziarâng (detail) pawh hmuh theih loh khawpin a vâr pap mai a ni. Thlalak a underexosed ve thung chuan thlalak a a thim lai chu a thim lutuk tihna a ni a, a thim lai detail pawh hriat theih loh khawpin a dum hluk mai tihna a ni. Thlalak a overexposed emaw, a underexposed emaw a nih chuan editing software hmang pawhin han siam dik tum pawh ni ila kawngro a su lêm lo. Exposure kan thunun theihna chi hnihte chu:
Aperture
Thil kua emaw, thil kharkhep inhawng hi aperture chu a ni mai a. Camera lens-ah chuan chumi inhawng chu image sensor-a êng a luh tam lam leh a luh tlem lam adjust nân a tihzimin a tihzauh theih a, chu chu lens aperture a ni. Lens aperture i tihzauh chuan camera-ah êng a lût tam ang a, i thlalak a êng ang; aperture i tihzîm chuan camera-ah êng a lût tlêm thung ang a, i thlalak pawh a thim ang. Aperture chu f-stop hmanga teh a ni a. F-stop chu lens focal length leh lens aperture zau zawng (diameter) inlaichinna sawina a ni a. Entirnan, i lens focal length chu 50 mm lo ni tâ sê, i aperture chu a diameter 12.5 mm-ah i dah a, chuti a nih chuan i lens f-stop chu f/4 (50/12.5=4) a lo ni ang. I lens aperture diameter a zauh poh leh f-stop number a tlêm ang a, a zîm poh leh f-stop number a tam dâwn tihna a nih chu. Lens chak leh chak loh hi f-stop hmanga teh a ni leh a, f-stop number a hniam poh leh lens speed a chak tulh tulh a ni. Chuvangchuan, prime lens te hi fast lens an ti kher zel.
 |
| Aperture zim leh zauina thlalaka hnâ a thawh dân. |
Depth of Field (DoF/dof) : Thlalak frame chhunga background leh foreground inkara lens-ina focus a hmuh huam chhung thui/zauh zâwng hi Depth of Field chu a ni a. Depth of field chu lens aperture leh lens focal length thawk kawpina a siam a ni. Entirnan, i thlalak tur (eg. mihring hmai) chu i awmna atanga feet 10-ah awm ta se, i camera lens hman focal length chu 200 mm leh a aperture chu f/2.8 ni ta bawk se. 200 mm focal length leh f/2.8 aperture chuan i lak tur chu han la ta la, a in-zoom hnai kawk ang a, a hnung a blur/bokeh ang a, subject hmaa thil awm pawh a blur vek ang. Chu chu aperture leh focal length thawh kawp dân chu a ni. Landscape thlâ i lak dawn chuan i aperture chu f/8 chunglam (a number tam lam) ni thei rawh se, a chhan chu i thlalak frame zawng zawng kha a fiah kim vek a ngai a ni.
 |
| Depth of Field |
Aperture Blade : Lens aperture blade hi diaphragm blade tî pawhin an sawi a, a inang reng a ni. Lens aperture chuan depth of field-ah hnâ a thawk a. Aperture a zauh chuan subject hnung lam chu a blur thin a. Subject hnung lama êng neuh neuh a awm chuan chû’ng êng zual thliah thluah lai chu a rawn lang bial thluah thin. Chu chu bokeh tiin kan sawi bawk. Chumi bokeh chu lens aperture blade tam dan azirin a pianhmang a danglam thin a ni. Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 II-ah chuan aperture blade hi panga chauh a awm a, chuti a nih chuan aperture inhawn laia aperture blade-ina bial a siam kha aperture blade a tlem avangin bial rual tak angin a lang lo a, bial kil nga nei angin a rawn lang dawn a ni. Aperture blade pakua vel a awm ve thung chuan aperture kha compass-a bial taka rîn angin a awm a, bokeh pawh bial rual takin a lang dawn a ni.
Aperture blade hi a tam lam apiang a tha a, a chhan chu aperture blade tlêmah (eg: 6) chuan bokeh hi pentagon (kil neia bial) angin a lang thin a ni. Chu chuan thlalak a ti-natural lo va, professional photographer tam tak chuan an duh lo. Aperture blade tamah chuan bokeh hi a bial mâm pap mai a, thlalak a natural bik em em a ni. Chu chu aperture blade tam thatna a ni a. Lens tha tak takah hi chuan aperture blade hi pakua aiin a tlem ngai mang lo.
Shutter Speed
Shutter button (camera hmehperna) i hmeh rual chiah khan i lens aperture kha a rawn inhawng zuai a, a rawn inchhîn leh nghal khep a, khami a rawn inhawn hun chhung rei zawng kha shutter speed chu a ni. Second hmanga teh a ni a, 30 secs emaw 1/250 ti-a ziah a ni thin. Entirnân, i camera aperture tidanglam miah lovin f/2.8-ah dah char char la, i shutter speed kha 1/30-ah set la, pâwn khaw êngah thlâ lâ la, i thlalak chu hmuh tlâk loh khawpin a êng ang. A chhan chu, shutter inhawn chhûng a rei avanga image sensor-a êng a luh tam vang a ni. I shutter speed chu 1/500-ah han dah leh la, i thlalak chu hmuh a nuam tawk viau ang. Image sensor-a êng a luh rei loh vâng a ni leh mai. Helicopter thlawk lai thla (blades) vir i lak din chat dawn chuan i shutter speed chu 1/1000 vel laia i dah a ngai ang. Shutter inhawn chhûng zawng khan i camera-ah êng a luh char char avangin shutter speed i dah muan viau chuan i shutter inhawn laia thil chê i lâk kha a phê ruai dawn a ni. Entirnan, tripod-a camera dahin 30 seconds-in tui khawhthla thlâ han la chhin la, tui chu inzawmpût angin a lang ang a, lapaw inphan ang deuh hian a lang dawn a ni.
 |
| Shutter speed (Image source: digitalcameraworld.com) |
Reciprocity : Aperture leh shutter speed inlaichinna hi reciprocity a ni. Aperture leh shutter speed hmang hian i duh ang thlapin exposure i set thei a. Thlalak Depth of Field te leh exposure hrang hrangin reciprocity hmang hian i thlalak tur i tidanglam thei a ni. Entirnan, i thlalak depth of field chu i subject focus laiah chauh zîm têin i dah duh a (i subject chiah fiah tur leh i subject hnung leh hma zawng blur vek turin), i aperture chu f/2.8-ah i set tâ a, nimahsela, nisa hnuaia i lâk avangin i thlalak chu a êng lutuk tâ a, i aperture chu i duh ang tawk chiahin i set si a, i tidanglam phal bawk si lo va. Chumi hunah tak chuan i shutter chu i dah sâng tâ a (entirnan, 1/500 velah), i thlalak exposure chu a rawn dik thei ta chiah a ni. Chutiang tho chuan i shutter speed duhthusam thlapa i dah hnua i thlalak tur exposure a dik theih si loh chuan i lens aperture hmangin i set dik leh thei bawk a ni. ‘Reciprocity hi photographer tân chuan a pawimawh ber’, pawh ti ila kan tisual lêm lo vang.
 |
| Reciprocity Chart |
